Acetazolamide

Mechanism:
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor acting in proximal tubules
Inhibits reabsorption of sodium, bicarbonate, and chloride
Metabolic Effects:
Causes mild metabolic acidosis that is:
Hyperchloremic
Hyponatremic
Leads to alkalinization of urine
Relatively weak diuretic (due to proximal tubule action)
Clinical Uses:
Correction of metabolic alkalosis in volume overloaded patients
Urine alkalinization
Reduction of intraocular pressure (glaucoma)
Treatment of idiopathic intracranial hypertension
Treatment of periodic paralysis
Prophylaxis and treatment of acute mountain sickness
Side Effects:
Drowsiness
Paresthesias
Confusion
Abdominal pain
Nausea
Vomiting
Stevens-Johnson syndrome
Metabolic changes (acidosis, electrolyte disturbances)