Brackish water

#Liquid_water
#Aquatic_ecology
#Coastal_geography
#Brackish_water_organisms
Brackish water, also sometimes termed brack water, is water occurring in a natural environment having more salinity than freshwater, but not as much as seawater.
It may result from mixing seawater （salt water） with fresh water together, as in estuaries, or it may occur in brackish fossil aquifers.
The word comes from the Middle Dutch root brak.
Certain human activities can produce brackish water, in particular civil engineering projects such as dikes and the flooding of coastal marshland to produce brackish water pools for freshwater shrimp farming.
Brackish water is also the primary waste product of the salinity gradient power process.
Because brackish water is hostile to the growth of most terrestrial plant species, without appropriate management it is damaging to the environment （see article on shrimp farms）.
Technically, brackish water contains between 0.
5 and 30 grams of salt per litre—more often expressed as 0.
5 to 30 parts per thousand （‰）, which is a specific gravity of between 1.
0004 and 1.
0226.
Thus, brackish covers a range of salinity regimes and is not considered a precisely defined condition.
It is characteristic of many brackish surface waters that their salinity can vary considerably over space or time.
Water with a salt concentration greater than 30‰ is considered saline.
A brackish water fish: Monodactylus argenteus Brackish water condition commonly occurs when fresh water meets seawater.
In fact, the most extensive brackish water habitats worldwide are estuaries, where a river meets the sea.
The River Thames flowing through London is a classic river estuary.
The town of Teddington a few miles west of London marks the boundary between the tidal and non-tidal parts of the Thames, although it is still considered a freshwater
river about as far east as Battersea insofar as the average sali...