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2.4 Time Independent Non-degenerate Perturbation Theory-(part-II) | QM-II | Dr. S. H. Bukhari
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Welcome to Quantum Mechanics lectures. In this channel you may learn basic fundamentals about quantum mechanics in very simple and easy way. These lectures are based on my edited book on Quantum Mechanics, which covers the course outline of major universities of Pakistan.
Material: What is Quantum Physics? Simply put, the physics that explains how everything works: we have the best explanation of the nature of the cells that make up matter and the forces by which they interact. Quantum physics describes how molecules work and hence chemistry and biology. You, I and Gatepost - at least to some degree, we're all dancing to quantum melodies. If you want to explain how electrons move through a computer chip, how photons of light in a solar panel turn into an electric current, or magnify themselves as a laser, or how the sun burns, you need to use quantum physics. The trouble - and, for physicists, the fun - starts here. To begin with, there is not a single quantum theory. It has quantum mechanics and a basic mathematical framework, first developed by Niels Bohr, Werner Heisenberg, Irwin Schrodinger and others in the 1920s. It is characteristic of common things, such as how the position or velocity of a single cell or group of cells changes over time. To understand how things work in the real world, quantum mechanics must be combined with other aspects of physics - basically, Albert Einstein's theory of relativity, which refers to what happens when things move so fast - to know what quantum field theories are. Three different quantum field theories deal with three of the four basic forces by which they interact: electromagnetism, which explains how atoms come together; Strong nuclear energy, which describes the stability of the nucleus in the centre of the atom; and weak nuclear energy, which explains why some molecules undergo radioactive decay. Over the past five decades or so, these three theories have been brought into the Ramscale coalition, known as the "standard model" of cell physics. For all that this model is accompanied by a little sticky tape, it is by far the most accurately tested diagram of the actual work of the material being made. Its immense fame came with the discovery of the Higgs boson in 2012, which gave its mass to all other elementary particles, whose existence was based on quantum field theories as early as 1964. Conventional quantum field theories work well in interpreting the results of experiments on high-energy particle smashers such as the CERN Large Hadron Collider, where Higgs was found to test at its smallest scales. If you want to understand how things work under very low nigo conditions - how electrons move or do not move through solids and therefore convert a material into metal, insulator or semiconductor, e.g. For - things are more complicated. Billions of interactions in this congested environment require the development of "effective field theories" that illustrate some of the details. Difficulties in formulating such theories have not solved many important questions in solid state physics - for example, why are some materials superconductors that allow the flow of electricity without electrical resistance at low temperatures, and why we work at room temperature cannot get this trick. . But there is a large amount of mystery underlying these practical issues. At the basic level, quantum physics is very strange about how things work in the real world, which is completely strange. Quantum cells can behave like cells in one place; or they can act like waves, all distributed in space or in many places at once. What they look like depends on how we choose to measure them, and they do not have fixed properties before we measure them - to give us a basic idea of the nature of basic reality.
Material: What is Quantum Physics? Simply put, the physics that explains how everything works: we have the best explanation of the nature of the cells that make up matter and the forces by which they interact. Quantum physics describes how molecules work and hence chemistry and biology. You, I and Gatepost - at least to some degree, we're all dancing to quantum melodies. If you want to explain how electrons move through a computer chip, how photons of light in a solar panel turn into an electric current, or magnify themselves as a laser, or how the sun burns, you need to use quantum physics. The trouble - and, for physicists, the fun - starts here. To begin with, there is not a single quantum theory. It has quantum mechanics and a basic mathematical framework, first developed by Niels Bohr, Werner Heisenberg, Irwin Schrodinger and others in the 1920s. It is characteristic of common things, such as how the position or velocity of a single cell or group of cells changes over time. To understand how things work in the real world, quantum mechanics must be combined with other aspects of physics - basically, Albert Einstein's theory of relativity, which refers to what happens when things move so fast - to know what quantum field theories are. Three different quantum field theories deal with three of the four basic forces by which they interact: electromagnetism, which explains how atoms come together; Strong nuclear energy, which describes the stability of the nucleus in the centre of the atom; and weak nuclear energy, which explains why some molecules undergo radioactive decay. Over the past five decades or so, these three theories have been brought into the Ramscale coalition, known as the "standard model" of cell physics. For all that this model is accompanied by a little sticky tape, it is by far the most accurately tested diagram of the actual work of the material being made. Its immense fame came with the discovery of the Higgs boson in 2012, which gave its mass to all other elementary particles, whose existence was based on quantum field theories as early as 1964. Conventional quantum field theories work well in interpreting the results of experiments on high-energy particle smashers such as the CERN Large Hadron Collider, where Higgs was found to test at its smallest scales. If you want to understand how things work under very low nigo conditions - how electrons move or do not move through solids and therefore convert a material into metal, insulator or semiconductor, e.g. For - things are more complicated. Billions of interactions in this congested environment require the development of "effective field theories" that illustrate some of the details. Difficulties in formulating such theories have not solved many important questions in solid state physics - for example, why are some materials superconductors that allow the flow of electricity without electrical resistance at low temperatures, and why we work at room temperature cannot get this trick. . But there is a large amount of mystery underlying these practical issues. At the basic level, quantum physics is very strange about how things work in the real world, which is completely strange. Quantum cells can behave like cells in one place; or they can act like waves, all distributed in space or in many places at once. What they look like depends on how we choose to measure them, and they do not have fixed properties before we measure them - to give us a basic idea of the nature of basic reality.
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