Aphmau and Aarno

[Mukapogz]

Focke-Achgelis
Focke, Achgelis & Co. GmbH

Commercial Director: Dipl.-Ing. Kirchhoff
Technical Director: Prof. Dr.-Ing eh Henrich Focke
Plants: Hoyenkamp near Delmenhorst, Oldenburg, Laupheim
Henrich Focke was born on October 8, 1890. In 1909, still at school, he was already working on the construction of flight models and gliders. In 1913, he began his studies at the Technical University of Hanover, which - interrupted by World War I - he finished after the war. After serving as an infantryman during the war, Focke was transferred to the Air Force and crashed at the Western Front in 1917. After the crash, Focke was stationed at the aircraft maintenance at Berlin-Adlershof. In 1923, he founded the Focke-Wulf Flugzeugbau AG together with Georg Wulf, who had been his assistant since 1913. Focke was technical director and member of the board until 1933. He was always used to cut his own path. So, in 1931, he purchased the license of the Cierva autogyro and used the Focke-Wulf facilities to build the model C-19 Mark VI “Don Quixote” and later the C-30 “Heustarte” (“Grasshopper”). Motivated by the work on these rotary-wing aircraft, Focke established a research laboratory as part of his own factory in 1931 that later became his sole point of interest. This was the place where the Fw 61 was built. This research laboratory became the birthplace of Focke, Achgelis & Co. GmbH. In 1937, Prof. Henrich Focke founded the Focke, Achgelis & Co. GmbH together with the renowned stunt pilot Gerd Achgelis. Other members of staff were Dr. Jackel, Dr. Just, Dr.-Ing. Schweym, and Dipl.-Ing. Spanger. In the beginning, design and production was provided by the Brandenburgische Motorenwerke in Spandau, but was automatically transferred to BMW, after both companies had merged. Later, the entire development staff was separated from BMW at the instance of the Reich Air Ministry (RLM) and was made available to Focke-Achgelis. Initially, the work in this group was headed by Director Dipl.-Ing. Wolff, later, by his closest assistant, Obering. Bussmann, and Dr.-Ing. Löffler on the theoretical side. The Fw 61, being the world's first successful helicopter, was followed by a number of other successful rotary-wing aircraft and some interesting projects that could not be completed because of the war. later, by his closest assistant, Obering. Bussmann, and Dr.-Ing. Löffler on the theoretical side. The Fw 61, being the world's first successful helicopter, was followed by a number of other successful rotary-wing aircraft and some interesting projects that could not be completed because of the war. later, by his closest assistant, Obering. Bussmann, and Dr.-Ing. Löffler on the theoretical side. The Fw 61, being the world's first successful helicopter, was followed by a number of other successful rotary-wing aircraft and some interesting projects that could not be completed because of the war.

Focke Achgelis Fa 223

After the development of the Fw 61 German authorities agreed that a helicopter should be capable of carrying a payload of 700 kg to be of practical use. This was the reason for the design of a substantially larger construction that started in 1938. The Fa 223 had fundamentally the same framework as the Fw 61. It was also equipped with twin-rotors mounted side-by-side on outriggers. One of the two Fw 61 was expanded to a flying laboratory in order to gain planning fundamentals for the Fa 223. The prototype of the Fa 223 left the factory in August 1939 and for the first time lifted off the ground in August 1940, still captured . 100 hours of ground testing had preceded the lift-off. The designers had to overcome a large number of problems: unbalanced rotors, developing safety devices for switching automatically to autorotation in case of a power plant or gearbox failure, as well as solving the problem of blades being sensitive against a pitch-angle change and the problem of vibrations. During these tests the hazardous mutual self-excitation of the rotor blades was discovered. Subsequent flight testing had to be accomplished in hovering flight, due to the non-existing large wind tunnel, covering many aspects of lift, resistance and torque. At the beginning of 1942, the model was ready for serial production, and an order for 100 units followed. Because of the war and permanent bombing only 20 had been built by the end of the war, and only 10 of them had flown. At the end of the war, only two machines were found ready to fly. One of them was disassembled and shipped to the US, the other became the first helicopter to cross the Channel to England. The Fa 223 showed good flight characteristics and was fully stable around all axes with regard to statics and dynamics, except for stability around the pitch axis. During cruise flight at 140 km/h the stick could be released because the instability around the pitch axis disappeared at approx. 120km/h. 26 pilots were fully retrained to this type within 2 ½ to 3 ½ hours despite the dynamic instability of the flight. These tests covered flights with wind speeds of 21 m/s and extensive mountain testing in the Karwendel Mountains. During cruise flight at 140 km/h the stick could be released because the instability around the pitch axis disappeared at approx. 120km/h. 26 pilots were fully retrained to this type within 2 ½ to 3 ½ hours despite the dynamic instability of the flight. These tests covered flights with wind speeds of 21 m/s and extensive mountain testing in the Karwendel Mountains. During cruise flight at 140 km/h the stick could be released because the instability around the pitch axis disappeared at approx. 120km/h. 26 pilots were fully

retrained to this type within 2 ½ to 3 ½ hours despite the dynamic instability of the flight. These tests covered flights with wind speeds of 21 m/s and extensive mountain testing in the Karwendel Mountains. During cruise flight at 140 km/h the stick could be released because the instability around the pitch axis disappeared at approx. 120km/h. 26 pilots were fully retrained to this type within 2 ½ to 3 ½ hours despite the dynamic instability of the flight. These tests covered flights with wind speeds of 21 m/s and extensive mountain testing in the Karwendel Mountains. During cruise flight at 140 km/h the stick could be released because the instability around the pitch axis disappeared at approx. 120km/h. 26 pilots were fully retrained to this type within 2 ½ to 3 ½ hours despite the dynamic instability of the flight. These tests covered flights with wind speeds of 21 m/s and extensive mountain testing in the Karwendel Mountains.

Type: Single-engine transport helicopter

Rotor system: Two 3-bladed counterrotating rotors side-by-side mounted on steel-tube outriggers. Each rotor has a diameter of 12 m. Rotor blades with steel-tube spar, wooden ribs, torsionally resistant plywood nose and fabric-covered tail; simply supported with friction damper. Automatic change-over as fly-ball governor, as with the Fw 61.

Fuselage: Framework as welded steel-tube frame, completely fabric-covered.

Empennage: Standard empennage, consisting of a complete vertical tail and stabilizer struts, mounted to the vertical fin in T-arrangement. All surfaces from fabric-covered wood.

Undercarriage: Rigid tricycle undercarriage. All wheels mounted to oil-damped shock struts. Spring-mounted auxiliary skid under the rear fuselage.

Powerplant: Air-cooled 9-cylinder rotary engine BMW-Bramo 323 Q-3 with 1x 1, 000 hp take-off power, installed amidships and positively cooled. Cooling-air intake through a slit along the fuselage.

Crew: Two pilot seats side-by-side in fully glazed nose section, behind it the main cabin with another 4 seats or freight.

Type designation: Fa 223 “Dragon”
Usage: transportation helicopters
Manufactures: Focke-Achgelis
Country: Germany
First flight: 1940
Lenght: 12.25 m
Height: 4.35 m
Rotor diameter: 12m each
Number of rotor blades: 2x3
Power plant: BMW Bramo 323D
Power: 1, 000 hp (735 kW)
Max speed: 182km/h
Service ceiling: 2, 010m
Empty weight: 3.180kg
Max. take off weight: 4.434kg
Range: 300 km
Crew: 1
Manufactured: 20
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