javascript block scope vs function scope

in javascript, scopes define the visibility and accessibility of variables and functions within different parts of your code. there are two main types of scopes in javascript: function scope and block scope. here's a brief overview of each type:

1. function scope:
- variables declared using the `var` keyword are function-scoped, meaning they are only accessible within the function in which they are defined.
- function-scoped variables are hoisted to the top of their containing function, which means you can access them before they are actually declared in the code.
- if a variable is declared inside a function, it is only accessible within that function.
- variables declared with `var` outside of any function are treated as global variables.

2. block scope:
- variables declared using the `let` or `const` keywords are block-scoped, meaning they are only accessible within the block (enclosed by curly braces `{}`) in which they are defined.
- block-scoped variables are not hoisted, so you cannot access them before they are declared in the code.
- blocks include `if` statements, loops, and any code enclosed within curly braces `{}`.

here's an example to illustrate the difference between function scope and block scope:

in the above example, `functionscopedvar` is accessible outside the `if` block within the function because it is function-scoped. on the other hand, `blockscopedvar` is not accessible outside the `if` block because it is block-scoped.

understanding the difference between function scope and block scope is crucial for writing clean and manageable javascript code. it helps prevent variable name clashes and unintended side effects in your programs.

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