Physical Science: Polarity of Molecules - Covalent Bond Explained

In chemistry, polarity is a separation of electric charge leading to a molecule or its chemical groups having an electric dipole moment, with a negatively charged end and a positively charged end.

Polar molecules must contain polar bonds due to a difference in electronegativity between the bonded atoms. A polar molecule with two or more polar bonds must have a geometry which is asymmetric in at least one direction, so that the bond dipoles do not cancel each other.

Polar molecules interact through dipole–dipole intermolecular forces and hydrogen bonds. Polarity underlies a number of physical properties including surface tension, solubility, and melting and boiling points.
Not all atoms attract electrons with the same force. The amount of "pull" an atom exerts on its electrons is called its electronegativity. Atoms with high electronegativities – such as fluorine, oxygen, and nitrogen – exert a greater pull on electrons than atoms with lower electronegativities such as alkali metals and alkaline earth metals. In a bond, this leads to unequal sharing of electrons between the atoms, as electrons will be drawn closer to the atom with the higher electronegativity.

Because electrons have a negative charge, the unequal sharing of electrons within a bond leads to the formation of an electric dipole: a separation of positive and negative electric charge. Because the amount of charge separated in such dipoles is usually smaller than a fundamental charge, they are called partial charges, denoted as δ+ (delta plus) and δ− (delta minus). These symbols were introduced by Sir Christopher Ingold and Dr. Edith Hilda (Usherwood) Ingold in 1926.[1][2] The bond dipole moment is calculated by multiplying the amount of charge separated and the distance between the charges.

These dipoles within molecules can interact with dipoles in other molecules, creating dipole-dipole intermolecular forces.
While the molecules can be described as "polar covalent", "nonpolar covalent", or "ionic", this is often a relative term, with one molecule simply being more polar or more nonpolar than another. However, the following properties are typical of such molecules.

A molecule is composed of one or more chemical bonds between molecular orbitals of different atoms. A molecule may be polar either as a result of polar bonds due to differences in electronegativity as described above, or as a result of an asymmetric arrangement of nonpolar covalent bonds and non-bonding pairs of electrons known as a full molecular orbital.

[joyrosales]

Rosales, Joymay D.
ABM 1 - 12
Done

Yes, dahil hindi lamang ako ang nakikinabang dito pati na rin ang ibang students. Bukod pa rito, mas maiintindihan ko/namin ang lessons sa ganitong pamamaraan ng pagtuturo sa Physics.

[michelletingson]

Michelle Tingson
HUMSS 1-12
DONE

Ok na po Sir yung tag-lish po na discussion 😊

[nicamaenorte]

Nica Mae Norte
HUMSS 1-12 DONE

Yes sir laking tulong po samin yang taglish version ng inyong pag tuturo. Mas naiintindihan kopo ng maigi

[melaniemendez]

Melanie Mendez
HE 2-12
Done

Yes sir, mas okay po yung tag-lish na version, lalo na may explanation po and nakakatulong din po kasi 'yon mas maelaborate pa yung topic

[paulinemaeadame]

Adame Pauline Mae
12- HUMSS 1
Done

Okay na po yung taglish, Sir na dicussion.

[erapaulinebawal]

Bawal, Era Pauline
H.E 1 -12 DONE
yes, po sir mas naiintindihan po pag taglish❤

[marieen]

Buenafe, Marieen Angel
HE1-12 DONE

Yes po sir, nakakatulong po ito dahil mas naiintindihan po kapag taglish.

[mizzystephaniebongay]

Mizzy Stephanie Bongay
Humss 2-12 Done

Yes po Sir mas naintindihan po

[khylanicalopez]

Lopez, Khyla Nica Pia
ABM 1-12
DONE


Okay po yung taglish sir na discussion. Thank you po

[an-jhealynacode]

Acode, An-Jhealyn
G12- HE1
DONE

Yes po sir, mas naiintindihan po kapag taglish ang way ng pagtuturo niyo po.

[maymanosca]

Mañosca, Raselmay L.
12 ABM -1
DONE

yes sir, mas okay po yung taglish na discussion kasi mas madali po namin na naiintindihan.

[cherryzantua]

Zantua, Cherry Ann B.
12-H.E 1
Done

Okay napo yung taglish sir naiintindihan naman Po.

[sophiaofalsa]

Ofalsa, sophia G.
ABM1-12

yes po nakakatulong po ang pag tuturo niyo ng taglish para mas lalo naming maintindihan.

[samanthanicoleu.pomarejos]

Urbano Jaysabel
H.E 2-12



Okay napo yung taglish sir mas maiintindihan po😇

[leandroaljotatlonghari]

Tatlonghari, Leandro Aljo
H.E 2-12
Done

Ok lng po ung taglish sir na discussion

[jumpeegerona]

Gerona Jumpee C
Abm-12 DONE

Para sakin Opo sir nakakatulong po ang taglish dahil mas madali ko pong na uunawan ang discussion

[pojanesariannecathlync.]

Pojanes, Arianne Cathlyn C.
HE2-12
DONE

Yes sir, mas ok po yung ganitong taglish na discussion po.

[nikkijanealbor]

Albor, Nikki Jane
G12-HUMSS 1

Yes sir mas naiintindihan kopo kung taglish po ang way ng pagtuturo nyo po mas madaming idea ang nakukuha, salamat po.

[aleeyahmairodrigo]

Aleeyah Mai Rodrigo
12 - Humss1
Okay po yung taglish sa pagtuturo niyo po ng physics sir naiintindihan po

[aprilmariedelantar]

Delantar April Marie
12-H.E.1
DONE

Okay naman na po yung taglish na iintindihan naman